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There are multiple different types of headaches, ranging from being medically benign to being a medical emergency. This article is designed as a guide only, it should not be used to diagnose and treat types of headaches. If you have a problem with headaches you should speak with your doctor to receive a proper diagnosis. Headaches are often a side effect of medications. If you have started or stopped a medication recently and you are having headaches, speak with your doctor.

Because of the varying nature, causes and treatment for the different types of headaches each type will be listed separately. Please note that the problems and complications for headaches may not apply to each type of headache.

Headaches can cause the following problems and complications:

Nausea and/or vomiting
Difficulty concentrating
Vision disturbances
Sensitivity to light and sound
Vertigo (balance problems)
Memory problems

Primary Headaches – Primary headaches are headaches that are the primary problem.

Tension – Unknown cause. Tension headaches usually affect both sides of the head or neck, but it may only affect one area. Tension headaches often cause pressing or tightening pain of soft to severe intensity. They come on gradually and can last for minutes to days. Sometimes there is also light and sound sensitivity with tension headaches.
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Migraine – Thought to be caused by imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters that affect cranio-vascular modulation. (The chemicals in the brain cause the blood vessels to react). Migraines usually affect only one side of the head, but sometimes can affect both sides. Migraines often cause throbbing or aching pain that is variable in severity. They come on rapidly and can last from 4 to 72 hours.

People with migraines often also have nausea, vomiting, light and sound sensitivity, and they may have either visual or motor auras. Migraines are often triggered by specific things that vary from person to person.

Cluster – Possibly caused by blood vessels that are dilated (expanded) when they are not supposed to be. Cluster headaches almost always affect one side of the head, with pain behind or around the eye on that side. The pain is usually deep, continuous and severe. They come on very quickly and can last up to 3 hours. Often someone with cluster headaches will get multiple headaches in a short period of time.

Cluster headaches may cause excessive eye watering, or nasal drainage, sensitivity to light, difficulty focusing, drooping of the eye lid or swelling around the eye.

Secondary Headaches – Secondary headaches are headaches that are caused by or a symptom of another causing problem.

General Secondary Headache – These headaches are caused by varying problems, such as fever, hypoxia (low oxygen), carbon monoxide poisoning, or caffeine withdrawal. They generally affect the whole head, but may be limited to one side. They are treated by fixing the underlying problem.

Analgesic Rebound – These headaches are caused by withdrawal of medications taken to treat a headache. They often mimic the previous headache and vary in severity. They appear once the pain killer begins to wear off.

Headaches from Eye Disorders – These headaches are caused by strain of the muscles that control the eye. They can occur around and over the eyes, and may cause pain radiating out from the eyes. They have a steady, aching dull pain. They come on gradually and may last until the problem is resolved. first aid training Norwich

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